Students in the Paris suburbs came onto the streets merely to get teachers into their classrooms, to have enough desks for their classmates, and to have the state build school buildings fit for the educational experience. These suburbs, or banlieues, are the warehouses of France’s working poor, mainly non-white communities that had come to France from its colonies. The French establishment does not want to talk about racism, self-righteous in its official ideology of universalisme (republican universalism). But racism from the state (particularly the police) and the far right parties is real, and the degradation of services in the banlieues proves to the non-white French that their rights are being systematically denied. Thus, every few years, young people in the banlieues emerge onto the streets to demand justice. More








