How the Left Got Where It Is in Venezuela

And What to do About It

By the end of Hugo Chávez’s presidency, a vague social contract had come to exist in Venezuela. It was not unlike the social contract which sustained real socialism for many decades, as described by Michael Lebowitz in his book Contradictions of Real Socialism. Both situations involved a vanguard that guaranteed a certain level of welfare […]
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Chris Gilbert is professor of political science in the Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela.

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