How
the Press &
the CIA Killed Gary Webb's Career
Today's
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December 22,
2004
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December
17, 2004
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8, 2004
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Craig Roberts
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Cockburn / Andrew Buncombe
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7, 2004
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6, 2004
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4 / 6, 2004
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December
3, 2004
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Wing
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1, 2004
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30, 2004
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Nelson Herrera
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Craig Roberts
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Elich
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29, 2004
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Barghouti
"The Pianist" of Palestine:
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|
December 22, 2004
An Open Letter to Jose Saramago
Nobel
Laureate Suffers from a Bizarre Historical Amnesia
By
JAMES PETRAS
Dear Jose Saramago,
In recent days, Colombia, (infamous
for its government-sponsored death squads and peasant massacres)
has become the favorite site from which some of the Western World's
best known intellectuals have dictated moral lectures condemning
the Cuban Revolution (Susan Sontag) and the Revolutionary Armed
Forces of Colombia (don Jose Saramago). Let me state from the
beginning that I have no objection to your promoting your latest
book anywhere in the world, but not if it involves scoring merit
points with a regime which is responsible for thousands of deaths
and 2 million displaced peasants. As a self-proclaimed man of
the left, you are well read and conversant with the politics
of the world, particularly with Latin America where you have
frequently visited, lectured, published and spoken with numerous
journalists, intellectuals, political notables and other 'makers
of opinion'. When you speak, interpret and judge politicians,
political groups and countries, you do so on the basis of your
selection of the facts and opinions which coincide with your
values and interests. You do not speak from ignorance but from
an ideological perspective, from which you make your judgments.
During your visit to Colombia
you dismissed the two guerrilla groups, the FARC and the ELN:
"In Colombia there are no guerrillas, they are simply armed
gangs." You went on to claim that they are not true communists
because, "they dedicate themselves to kidnapping, murdering,
violating human rights." You generously allow that "perhaps
in the beginning they were (communists) but not now." You
then allow that guerrilla struggle is only justified when "a
country is occupied by a foreign invader and the people must
organize to resist."
Saramago, as you well know,
there are many conditions under which people rise to overthrow
their oppressors: military dictators, murderous civilian regimes,
landlords and their death squads, etc. You surely remember the
armed resistance against Franco, the successful overthrow of
the Portuguese dictatorship in 1974, as well as the popular guerrilla
resistance in Central America to the tyrannical 'civilian regimes'
in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. Or do you think that
the guerrillas of Zapata, Farabundo Marti and Fidel Castro were
leading "armed gangs" because they failed to follow
your precepts of voting "en blanco"? They did not rebel
against a foreign invader (though foreign capital, military advisers
and sophisticated arms were in abundance). I am afraid that your
political criteria would deny the great emancipatory figures
and events of the 20th centuries. These revolutionary referents
will continue to inform millions of people struggling against
tyrants long after your interviews and opinions have been tossed
into history's dustbin.
But let us for a moment set
aside your bizarre historical amnesia. Let's discuss the guerrillas
in Colombia, in particular, the FARC. The FARC was formed by
46 peasant activists in 1964, who, after numerous efforts to
construct peaceful productive communities, suffered persecution
and witnessed the military destroy their crops, homes, animals,
while murdering their families, friends and neighbors. All under
an elected civilian regime, oligarchical and repressive to be
sure, under a Colombian command advised by US Special Forces.
Should they have poured ashes on their heads, hidden in the bush
and waited till the next elections to cast a blank vote?. Would
you guarantee their lives as they walked from the voting registry?
Yes, you do grant, in the beginning; the FARC might have been
communistsbut later no? Twenty years later the FARC negotiated
a peace agreement with then President Betancourt, so that many
of its militants and some of its leaders could form an electoral
party, The Patriotic Union, and compete in the presidential and
congressional elections. Between 1984-1989 over 5,000 members
and electoral activists were murdered by the Colombian military,
police and death squads, including two popular presidential candidates.
The FARC returned to armed struggle.
Is that the point in which
they ceased to be communists? Should they then turn to casting
'blank votes'? Where--from exile? From Lisbon? It is clear, is
it not, that the guerrillas returned to armed activities because
there was no other way to survive and continue the struggle for
what you call an "effective democracy" and against
the "economic plutocrats" who you verbally condemn.
In 1999-2001, the FARC once again agreed to suspend the armed
guerrilla struggle and pursue negotiations with the Pastrana
regime. They insisted on a demilitarized zone--free of paramilitary
and military troops. They put forth a political program of agrarian
reform, national public control of strategic resources, and massive
public works programs to generate jobs. This program was put
on the table and became the basis for negotiating a peace and
justice agreement. You surely remember those days, only a decade
or so past and only 8 years before you were honored with the
Nobel Prize.
ou surely remember that the
FARC established a series of public forums and work-shops and
invited academics, trade unionists, farmers and business people
to present papers and proposals. You surely recall those reforms,
especially the proposal to de-militarize the country, on both
sides. Dr. Saramago, you as a worldly wise writer, do know that
"armed bands" do not convoke forums, and listen and
accept proposals from a plurality of sources on making Colombia
an effective democracy.
With the backing of the US
government the Pastrana regime abruptly broke off negotiations
and launched an attack on the demilitarized zone. Should the
guerrillas and their peasant supporters have responded by preparing
to cast "blank votes"? Would they have survived? Was
that the point at which, in your opinion, the guerrillas turned
into "armed bands, kidnappers and assassins"? I am
serious, Saramago. I want you to give me your answer because
the FARC's proposal for agrarian reform and de-militarization
has the backing of millions of peasants, dispossessed and tortured
by the Colombian government which you refused to name, which
you obliquely referred to as the "situation in Colombia".
Why such discretion when speaking of a government like the present
terrorist President Uribe, who has launched a scorched earth
policy throughout the countryside?. Jose, why the silence about
Uribe? Why not condemn the vast US presence in Colombia -- $3
billion dollars in aid, 800 military advisers, a dozen military
bases and several thousand mercenaries paid for by the Pentagon?
Doesn't that count as a "foreign invasion"? Or do you
need $10 billion dollars and five divisions of Marines to call
it a US military occupation in order to consider the FARC and
the ELN authentic guerrilla movements and not "armed gangs"
of marauders and assassins.? I am not sorry in writing to you
in this direct and forward mannerit is not only my style but
because of the enormous political damage you have done. The terms
you have used to slander the guerrillas echo the rhetoric of
the Pentagon, Uribe and the rest of the Colombian oligarchy.
But your political language disqualifying the guerrillas in Colombia
is used throughout Latin America by the ruling classes against
popular movements. In Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, the landlords
describe the peasant and landless workers movements as "vagabonds",
criminals and "armed gangs". Who has the original claim
on the term, you or the landlords?
I will finish by telling you
what I think.
The guerrillas--the FARC and
the ELN--are today, and always were guerrillas. They are armed
because they have to be, because Colombia needs basic changes
and the political system does not allow other means, including
elections to be held without terror and intimidation. You have
a right to your opinion, but the circumstances, the context and
substance of your remarks can only be seen as strengthening the
terrorist leaders and military forces in Colombia. You claim
to be communist--but there are many types of "communists"
today: Those who stole the public patrimony of Russia and became
notable oligarchs; Those who collaborate with the US colonial
regime in Iraq; Those who have struggled for forty years in the
factories, jungles and countryside of Colombia for a society
without classes; And those "communists" who fear the
problem (imperialism) and fear the solution (popular revolution)
and make it all a question of personal preferences.
Ideas, as you know, have consequences
and especially you, Dr Saramago, your words are followed by millions
of your literary devotees. Think before you speak of "armed
gangs" because you are justifying the murder of scores of
thousands of Colombians who have chosen to take the most difficult
and dangerous road toward the emancipation of their country.
In the recent past we have shared opinions and positions. But
from here onward we tread our different paths. I have lost my
confidence and my hopes in you. You have defrauded my trust.
You go your way and I will go my way.
Without sorrow or regrets,
James Petras
James Petras, a former Professor of Sociology at
Binghamton University, New York, owns a 50 year membership in
the class struggle, is an adviser to the landless and jobless
in brazil and argentina and is co-author of Globalization
Unmasked (Zed). He can be reached at: jpetras@binghamton.edu
Weekend Edition
Features for November
27 / 28, 2004
Peter
Linebaugh
Torture & Neo-Liberalism with
Sycorax in Iraq
Alexander
Cockburn
What Happened to O'Reilly's Loofa?
Fred
Gardner
Ashcroft v. Raich: Medical Marijuana and the Supreme Court
Kathy
Kelly
What We Can Control
Diane
Christian
The Other Cheek: "Empire Doesn't Analyze, It Acts"
Gary
Leupp
One More Neocon Target: South (Yes, South) Korea
Lenni
Brenner
Equality and Rights of Return: Jefferson Instructs the New York
Times
Ron
Jacobs
Death Squads and Iraq's Elections: the Mysterious Murders of
the AMS Clerics
Joshua
Frank
An Interview with Kevin Zeese on Nader, Kerry and the ABB Crowd
Toni
Solo
The Murder of Danilo Anderson
Saul
Landau
Fallujah, the 21st Century Guernica
JoAnn
Wypijewski
Matthew Shepard Case 6 Years Later: Why Hate Crimes Laws are
No Cure for Homophobia
Justin
Taylor
Empire's Lawless Opportunities
Amos
Harel
The Case of Captain R.
Walter
A. Davis
Tabloid Justice
Stephen
Hendricks
God's Kind of Men
Poets'
Basement
Albert, LaMorticella and Ford
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