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PAUL CRAIG ROBERTS ON HOW THE 'FREE TRADE' CASE
FOR OFFSHORING AMERICA'S JOBS HAS COME UNGLUED

Roberts on the sensational exposure of the faked "gains" and phantom stats of the free traders. Who was America's most anti-imperialist president? Try Grover Cleveland! JoAnn Wypijewski on the unlikely hero of Hawai'i's restoration movement. Alexander Cockburn reports on evangelical Christians in crisis amid fresh onslaughts by forces of darkness. The Warbler's Parable: Rosa Miriam Elizalde on the black-masked visitors to Cuba defying the US economic blockade.

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"Imperial Crusades: a Diary of Three Wars" by Cockburn and St. Clair

Today's Stories

June 25, 2007

Jennifer Loewenstein
The Triumph of US / Israeli Policy in Palestine

June 23 / 24, 2007

Alexander Cockburn
Zyklon B on the US Border

Jeff Taylor
The Foreign Policy of Barack Obama

Oren Ben-Dor
Israeli Apartheid is the Core of the Crisis in Gaza

Gary Leupp
In Defense of Academic Freedom: the Ward Churchill Case

Robert Fisk
The Bumbling Envoy

David Rosen
The Hidden Cost of War: Genital Injuries, Prosthetic Devices and the War on Terror

Russell Mokhiber
Ins and Outs for 2008: Up with Spoilers!

Alison Weir
USA Today and the USS Liberty

Robert Fantina
The Floundering Congress

D. K. Wilson
Of Gangstas and Spearchuckers, Sex and Zulus

Nicole Colson
Litigating Gitmo

Stephen Soldz, Steven Reisner and Brad Olson
Torture, Psychologists and Colonel James

Dave Lindorff
Exodus of the Puppets: Bush's Incredible Shrinking Coalition

Benjamin Dangl
Cerámica de Cuyo: a Profile of Worker Control in Argentina

Michael Dickinson
The Catholicization of Tony

Poets' Basement
Davies, Engel, Gerard and Orloski

Website of the Weekend
Incarcerex: a Drug War Video

 

June 22, 2007

Andy Worthington
A Tunisian in Gitmo: the Story of Prisoner 660

Sherwood Ross
Corporate America's Deadliest Secret: the Big Profits in Biowarfare Research

Eliana Monteforte
The Torture Academy

Robert Weissman
Things Can Be Different

Richard Rhames
Farmer Preservation

Christopher Brauchli
Bush and the Uighurs: an Encounter in Albania

Ramzy Baroud
Chronicle of a Chaos Foretold

Ehud Krinis, David Shulman and Neve Gordon
Facing an Imminent Threat of Expulsion: Palestinians in S. Hebron Hills Need Your Help!

David Michael Green
If Reid Were Rove

Kathryn Webber
Boycotting DePaul

Website of the Day
Stop Me Before I Vote Again!

 

June 21, 2007

Peter Linebaugh
The Day of the Rope

Natsu Saito
The Regents and Ward Churchill: Now is the Time to Speak Out

Ron Jacobs
The Intimidation of a Vet

Saree Makdisi
The West Chooses Fatah, But Palestinians Don't

John Stauber
Blessed Unrest: an Interview with Paul Hawken

Scott Liebertz
Fox News and Venezuela: an Analysis of How the Network Deliberately Misinforms Its Viewers

Tom Clifford
The Ghost Prisoners

Robert Jensen
The Last Sunday?

Michael J. Smith
Who Among Us Will Step Up to Destroy the Democratic Party?

Jeb Sprague
Pain at the Pump in Haiti

Website of the Day
Dion: Hey Paris


June 20, 2007

Omar Barghouti
A Secular-Democratic State Solution

Andy Worthington
Repatriated to Torture

Margaret Kimberley
Supreme Injustices: the Bush Court

Robert Weissman
Sicko, Part One: the Human Tragedy

Russell D. Hoffman
Time to Choose: Meltdowns or Solar Power?

Rannie Amiri
Mideast Alight

Stephen Lendman
The New York Times vs. Hugo Chavez

Dave Lindorff
Democratic Disconnect

David Swanson
Booing Hillary: Platitudes from the Drone Machine

Anne Dachel
Autism & Vaccines: Why are They Afraid to Look?

Website of the Day
Revolution By the Book

 

June 19, 2007

Ralph Nader
Hillary's Stock and Trade: the NAFTA Two-Step

Dr. Shepherd Bliss
Torture's Long Reach

Bill and Kathleen Christison
Demostrating Against the Catholic Church in Santa Fe

Jeff Leys
Swarming Congress: Building a Resistance to the 2008 Iraq War Supplemental Funding Bill

Dave Zirin
The Unforgiven: Barry Bonds and Jack Johnson

Chris Floyd
Hitchens Takes a Roll in the Hay

Ben Terrall
Iraq Union Leaders Speak Out Against the Occupation

Anthony Papa
Veronica's Story: a Dying Wish to Governor Spitzer

VIPS
Countering Terrorism: How Not to Do It

Linda Flores
Criminalizing the Classroom

Website of the Day
Sign On to the Iraq Moratorium


June 18, 2007

John Ross
The Annexation of Mexico

Paul Craig Roberts
The Reign of the Tyrants is at Hand

Martha Rosenberg
Let Cheney at Him: Richardson the Oryx Hunter

Norman Solomon
War at the Remote

Don Santina
Memo to the Queen: Bobby Sands Died for Your Sins

Isabella Kenfield
Landless Rural Workers Confront Lula

James Brooks
America's Guilty Silence

Eva Liddell
Planning to Lose: Democratic Stratagems

Sam Husseini
Clinton Health Care Scam Revisited

Akiva Eldar
Ariel Sharon's Dream

Website of the Day
Frank Zappa: the Cop Interview

 


June 16 / 17, 2007

Alexander Cockburn
The Psychopathology of Shrinks

John Halle
Finkelstein and "The Progressive"

Robert Fisk
Welcome to "Palestine"

Andy Worthington
Return to Torture?

Uri Avnery
The Gaza Cage

Fred Gardner
Paris Hilton's Punishment: a False Parable

Saul Landau
Our Gang of Thugs: The 1970s as a Context for Terrorist Violence

P. Sainath
Heaven Can Wait: Creditors and the Widows of Vidharbha

Missy Comley Beattie
Calling Evil Its Name

Alan Gregory
When ADM Comes to Town: Killer Tax Breaks for Wildlife Destruction

Walter Brasch
Bush and the Philosophy of Swiss Cheese

Website of the Weekend
Obama Girl

 

June 15, 2007

Alan Farago
View from the Construction Crane: Sex, Taxes and Real Estate Scams in Miami

Andy Worthington
The Ordeal of Ali al--Marri

Michael Simmons
Terrorizing Artists in the USA

Franklin Lamb
Blowback Across Lebanon: The Failed Sunni Army Solution

Gary Leupp
The Day After We Attack Iran

John Ross
Ballot Burning Time in Ol' Mexico

Website of the Day
The American Rationalist

 

June 14, 2007

Michael Donnelly
Charred SUVs and the End of Citizen Eco--Activism

Faisal Kutty
Scare Canada: The No--Fly List's False Sense of Security

Harry Browne
Ireland's Green Party Sells Out

Charles Jonkel
From the Arctic to Yellowstone: Bears in a World of Indifference

Steven Higgs
Murder in a Small Town: "Gay Panic" in Indiana?

Bruce Dixon
Black Power Through Low Power Radio

Bruce K. Gagnon
What Do We Do Now? A 10--Step Plan for Antiwar Activists

Website of the Day
Finkelgate

June 13, 2007

Glen Ford
Obama's Siren Song

Marjorie Cohn
Repression in Oaxaca

Bill Christison
A Grave Injustice at DePaul University

Charles Jonkel
Bears in a World of Indifference

Silvia Cattori
"I Was Not Prepared for the Horrors I Saw": an Interview with Hedy Epstein

Richard Gott
Racism and TV in Venezuela

Firmin DeBrabander
How the Neocons Misread Machiavelli

William S. Lind
The Perfect (Sine) Wave: Bombing Railroad Stations in Iraq

Keith Rosenthal
Workers Score a Victory at Harvard

Website of the Day
GOP and Monty Python Explain: "Enhanced Interrogation Techniques"

June 12, 2007

Jeffrey St. Clair
How to Sell a War

Paul Craig Roberts
The Neocon Threat to American Freedom

P. Sainath
India's Plutocrats and the Press

Ralph Nader
The Biggest Scam in the World

Omar Waraich
A Black Day for Pakistan's Press

Dave Lindorff
Things Your Media Momma Didn't Tell You

Harvey Wasserman
Confessions of an Anti-Nuke Jerk

Malini Johar Schueller
It Takes a Bomb

Ramzy Baroud
War Foretold: Mark Twain and the Sins of Empire

Website of the Day
Palestinian Chronicle Needs Our Help!

 

June 11, 2007

Patrick Cockburn
The War on Journalists

Paul Craig Roberts
Losing the Economy to Mythology

Uri Avnery
40 Bad Years: the Rot of Occupation

Norman Solomon
The Silence of the Bombs

Eva Liddell
Paris Hilton Doesn't Do Dishes: How Barbie Stood Up to Allen Ginsberg

Rannie Amiri
Groundhog Day in Pakistan

Rachel Voss
Poetry and Politics in Nassau County

Christopher Brauchli
A Wild West Tale, Starring Rev. Dobson and Bill O'Reilly

D. K. Wilson
Untangling Michael Vick from the Dogs

Website of the Day
Paris, Mixed Up


June 9 / 10, 2007

Alexander Cockburn
Dissidents Against Dogma

George Ciccariello-Maher
Behind Venezuela's "Student Rebellion": Who's Pulling the Strings?

Saul Landau
An Interview with Ricardo Alarcon, Vice President of Cuba

Robert Fisk
Believe It or Not in the Middle East

Brian Cloughley
Troop Support: Deceptions and Insipid Sentiments

Ron Jacobs
Condoleezza Rice Names the System

Ward Boston
Searching for the Truth About the USS Liberty

Conn Hallinan
Dark Plots in Byzantine Beirut

Leonard Peltier
The Ongoing War on Native American Religious Practices

Lawrence Davidson
Israel's New Anti-Boycott Task Force

John Ross
Mass Nude-In Complicates Church-State Scuffling in Mexico

Kate Allan
Some People Think the Internet is a Bad Thing

Fred Gardner
Ignorance Marches On

Stephen Fleischman
Little Boy, Fat Man and Iran

Monica Benderman
Reading Tom Paine in a Time of Crisis

Geoff Bailey
A Real Oil Conspiracy: Gouged at the Pump

Missy Beattie
Faith and War

Patrick Dyer
A Democrat Revs Up Ohio's Death Machine

Tim Lengerich
Dispelling the Cowboy Myth: an Interview with George Wuerthner

James Irani
and David Rahni

Perspectives on the Arrests of Iran-Americans in Tehran

Gary Leupp
The Unfair Treatment of Paris Hilton

Michael Tillery
The Heart of a Sportswriter: an Interview with David Aldridge

Michael Simmons
Beating Off the Squares: the Hipness of Anton Rosenberg

Poets' Basement
Laymon, Davies and Ford

Website of the Weekend
This is Sea Shepherd!

 

June 8, 2007

Serge Halimi
What Sarkozy Learned About Politics from the US

Patrick Cockburn
The Turkish Incursion

Jeffrey St. Clair
Israel's Attack on the USS Liberty, Revisited

 

Paul Craig Roberts
The Secret War

William Blum
What If NBC Cheered on a Military Coup Against Bush?

Joshua Frank
Swing-State Strategy: Looking for a Spoiler

Lance Selfa
How the Six Day War Changed the Middle East

Dave Lindorff
A "Criminal Conspiracy" in the White House

Lawrence Ferlinghetti
The Summer of Love: Flashbacks of a Human Be-In

Website of the Day
Robert Pollin: "Making the Federal Minimum Wage a Living Wage"


June 7, 2007

Marjorie Cohn
The Prison is the War Crime

Soldz, Reisner and Olson:
A Q & A on Psychologists and Torture

Soldz, Reisner
and Olson, et al:
An Open Letter to Sharon Brehm, President of the American Psychological Association

Paul Craig Roberts
Losing Iraq, Nuking Iran

Bill Quigley
"How Long Must We Support a Mistake?"

Silvia Cattori
Sailing to Gaza

Carl G. Estabrook
What the June Bug Is: Politics in the Dismal Season

Ellen Taylor
Free the Tweakers!: The Good News About Meth

Corporate Crime Reporter
BAE Systems, Prince Bandar and the $2 Billion Account at the Riggs Bank

Brenda Norrell
Torture Training at Ft. Huachuca: Two Priests Face Prison for Exposing Torture in Arizona

D. K. Wilson
What Gary Sheffield Really Said

Kevin Zeese
Iraq Occupation Coming to a Head Over Oil

Website of the Day
How the Press Expired


June 6, 2007

Alain Gresh
Countdown to War on Iran

Gary Leupp
Poddy's Crazy Prayer: Bomb Iran, For Israel and America!

Steven Sherman
The Perils of Humanitarian Intervention

Bruce Dixon
Is Bill Gates Trying to Hijack Africa's Food Supply?

Corporate Crime Reporter
The Professor and the Nukes

Brian M. Downing
The Iraq War and Presidential Politics

Ron Jacobs
Luv n' Hate: a Different Take on the Summer of Love

George Bisharat
The Mirage of the Two State Solution

Nicole Colson
Over to You, Dante: Falwell's Ministry of Hate

Bruce K. Gagnon
From Italy to Guam: A Global Peace Movement is Taking Shape

Website of the Day
How the Democrats Should Treat Bush

 

June 5, 2007

Michael Neumann
Canada in Afghanistan

Jonathan Cook
The Shin Bet and the Persecution of Azmi Bishara

David Vest
The Democrats' War

Robert Fantina
America's Cuba Policy

Hoffman, Parsneau and Chowdhury
CounterTerrorism as International Healthcare

John V. Walsh
Shaming the Official Antiwar Movement

Richard Cretan
Yellow Dog: The Strange Love of Martin Amis and Tony Blair

Adam Engel
Days of Dread: an American Tale

William S. Lind
The News from Anbar: Has Al Qaeda Over-Reached?

Myles Hoenig
Free the Oaks! Cut Down Those Yellow Ribbons!

Jim Minick
Lead-Foot Nation

Website of the Day
Punk Rock Soap Opera


June 4, 2007

Nizar Latif
An Interview with Moqtada al-Sadr

Diana Johnstone
Sarko and the Ghosts of May, 1968

Gregory Wilpert
RCTV and Freedom of Speech in Venezuela

Paul Watson
The Anchorage Whale Killing Bureaucrats Summit

Susan Rosenthal, MD
How Cindy Sheehan Unmasked the Democrats

Richard Ward
The Right of Return to New Orleans

Eva Liddell
Don't Support the Troops

Zahi Khouri
Four Decades of Occupation

Evelyn Pringle
The FDA, GlaxoSmithKline and the Avandia Disaster

China Hand
About Those North Korean Benjamin Franklins ...

Karyn Strickler
George W. Bush: a "Ficeist" Leader

Website of the Day
The Guantanamo Files

 

June 2 / 3, 2007

Alexander Cockburn
The Last of the Texas Outsiders

Marc Levy
Iraq Dead Ahead: a Brief Military History and Civilian Guide to Arlington National Cemetery

Martin Smith
Camilo Mejía's War: From Foot Soldier for Empire to Rebel for Peace

Diana Johnstone
Great Power Meddling in Kosovo

John Ross
The Oaxaca Volcano Stews

Uri Avnery
On Generals and Admirals

Sunsara Taylor
This is Not a Story About Cindy Sheehan

Richard Neville
Were the Hippies Right?

P. Sainath
The Farm Crisis and 100,000 Indian Widows

Missy Comley Beattie
Let's Roar

Nisrine Abiad
and Victor Kattan
The Hariri Tribunal: a Fait Accompli?

Rannie Amiri
Lebanon, Bush and the Three Stooges

Margot Pepper
Deconstructing "Return to Sender"

Eric Stewart
Censorship and Cop Brutality in the New Bison Wars

Ralph Nader
The Halberstam Camp

Dan Bacher
A Victory for the Fish

Shaun Harkin
and Sandy Boyer
Irish War Protesters on Trial

Richard Rhames
Selling Five Acres in Crawford

Frederick Hudson
The Rediscovery of Ella Fitzgerald

Poets' Basement
Lindorff, Landau and Buknatski

Website of the Weekend
Gimme Shelter


June 1, 2007

Dave Marsh
The FBI and the Godfather (of Soul): James Brown's FBI Files

Saul Landau
Return to Cuba: 47 Years Later in Havana

David Phinney
How the Baghdad Embassy Was Built: Forced Labor and Worker Abuse

Robert Jensen
The Bigot and the Boycott

Stanley Heller
Arrest Robert McNamara

Yifat Susskind
Indigenous Women Fight Back

Robert Weissman
Corporate Power Since 1980

Paul Buchheit
Africa and Its Discontents

William S. Lind
The Folly of Maximalist Objectives

Sherwood Ross
78,000 Iraqis Have Been Killed by Coalition Airstrikes

Stephen Lendman
Terrorism Defined

Website of the Day
Desert Autonomous Zone


May 31, 2007

Robert Bryce
The Language Barrier

Patrick Cockburn
Killing with Impunity: Iraq's Militias Under the Surge

Gary Leupp
Appropriate Disillusionment: the Despair of Cindy Sheehan and Andrew Bacevich

Kathy Kelly
Being Hope

Marjorie Cohn
The Unitary King George

Chris Kutalik
and Tiffany Ten Eyck

Fallout from the Sale of Chrysler: Jobs, Health Care, Pensions, All in Jeopardy

Corporate Crime Reporter
Zheng Xiaoyu Meet Lester Crawford

Dave Lindorff
Our Monica: a Hero of the Constitution

Website of the Day
Know Your Rights!

 

May 30, 2007

James Ridgeway
The Bi-Partisan Con on Synthetic Fuels

Franklin Lamb
Lebanon and the Planned US Airbase at Kaleiaat

Terrence E. Paupp
Withdrawal Symptoms

Uri Avnery
To the Shores of Tripoli

Alan Maass
and Jeffrey St. Clair
The Green Masquerade: Corporate America's Latest Counter-Attack

Rock and Rap Confidential
Watching the Detectives: the Political Censorship of Hip Hop

Ralph Nader
Taming the Giant Corporation

Nirmal Ghosh
China, CITES and the Fate of the Tiger

Jean Daniels
Dealing Democrats: Folding to Mr. 28%

Tom Barry
Meet Robert Zoellick: Bush's Pick to Head World Bank

Website of the Day
Petuuche Gilbert on the Rights of Indigenous People


May 29, 2007

Stephen Soldz
Shrinks and the SERE Technique at Guantanamo

Eliza Ernshire
Refugees Forever: Inside Bedawi Camp

Ron Jacobs
The Exit of Cindy Sheehan

Dave Lindorff
Whatever Happened to Signing Statements?

Evelyn Pringle
What Qualifies Bush to Lead Iraq War

Mike Whitney
Bush's New Middle East

David Swanson
How We Got Here: The Democrats and the Antiwar Movement

John Holt
Gating Montana, Part Two: the Feedback Loop

Cynthia McKinney
Dreaming of a True Memorial Day

Martha Rosenberg
Mad Cows, Mad Pigs and the Horse Slaughter Lobby

Website of the Day
The Ruminant


May 28, 2007

Bill Quigley
Katrina Activists: "Less Meeting, More Fighting"

Col. Dan Smith
The Paranoid and the Dead

Cindy Sheehan
Why I Am Leaving the Democratic Party

Dr. Susan Block
Dr. Laura's Little Monster

Jeeni Criscenzo
What I Learned About Being a Dickhead

Douglas Valentine
Memorial Day: a Poem

Website of the Day
Peace TV

 

 

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June 25, 2007

The Life and Crimes of al-Majid

Chemical Ali Faces the Hangman

By PATRICK COCKBURN

Ali Hassan al-Majid was the Heinrich Himmler of Iraq. After Saddam Hussein appointed him the all-powerful overlord of northern Iraq in March 1987 he oversaw the murder of more than 180,000 Kurds in just over a year. "The armed forces must kill any human being or animal present," he decreed.

It was for this crime of genocide against the Kurds that Majid, also known as "Chemical Ali", and two other defendants were yesterday sentenced to death by hanging by a court in Baghdad. A cousin of Saddam Hussein who had been a motorcycle dispatch rider, Majid acted as the zealous henchman of the Iraqi leader in many of his most notorious acts of cruelty and repression.

"You gave orders to the troops to kill Kurdish civilians and put them in severe conditions," said the judge, Mohammed Oreibi al-Khalifa, as he passed sentence on Majid. "You subjected them to wide and systematic attacks using chemical weapons and artillery. You led the killing of Iraqi villagers. You restricted them to their areas, burned their orchards, killed their animals. You committed genocide."

Sinister heaps of broken stones and bricks dot the Kurdish countryside marking the places where villages and hamlets were destroyed and 1.5 million Kurds killed or deported. Less easy to find are the mass graves all over Iraq filled with the bodies of men, women and children who were lined up and machine-gunned. The slaughter was not as all-embracing as Hitler's onslaught on Jews but it was comparable to mass killings of civilians committed by the Nazis in Poland, Ukraine and Russia or by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.

There is no doubt about Majid's responsibility for the massacres before and during the notorious "Operation Anfal" in 1987. Many of his telephone calls and meetings with senior officers were recorded by the participants and the tapes discovered by Kurdish resistance forces when they captured Kirkuk in the uprising of 1991. In one meeting with leading Iraqi officials in 1988, he vows in his distinctive, high-pitched, whiny voice: "I will kill them all [Kurds] with chemical weapons," he says. " Who is going to say anything? Fuck them! The international community, and those who listen them."

On 16 March 1988, Iraqi forces fired poison gas shells into Halabja, a town that had been captured by Kurdish and Iranian forces. Its unsuspecting people began to smell the odor of apples and garlic. Human Rights Watch reported: 'Dead bodies - human and animal - littered the streets, huddled in doorways, slumped over the steering wheels of their cars. Survivors stumbled around, laughing hysterically before collapsing ... Those who has been directly exposed to the gas found their symptoms worsened as the night wore on. Many children died along the way and were abandoned where they fell."

In village after village gas was used to kill civilians. In Halabja alone 5,000 people died. But Majid had over-rated the revulsion over these mass killings among leaders of the international community. Britain expressed anxiety and grave concern about allegations over the use of chemical weapons but promptly doubled the export credit facility available to Iraq.

The US sought to implicate Iran in the use of poison gas. Kurdish claims that they were the victims of genocide were dismissed as exaggerated or politically inconvenient by Western governments. It was several years before Human Rights Watch was able to confirm that the mass killings were just as extensive as the Kurds said they were.

Torture, massacre and deportations had been used against the Kurds since Saddam came to power and before, but Ali Hassan al-Majid set up a several-stage system of genocide. District by district, people were subjected to heavy artillery fire and poison-gas attacks. When males were rounded up they were killed either immediately or later. Those who disappeared were executed. In some cases, the civilian population was promised a pardon to lure them to their deaths. Survivors were forced to live in specially built villages and towns where they could be watched by the secret police.
Majid, gloried in his reputation for merciless brutality. He once quoted Saddam Hussein as counselling him to assist the families of insurgents but said: "No, I will bury them with bulldozers."

In his defense at his trial, Majid said that tape recordings of him speaking of deporting and exterminating the Kurds was exaggerated language to intimidate them into giving up their resistance. "All the words used by me, such as 'deport them' or 'wipe them out', were only for psychological effect," he claimed. When Kurdish emissaries spoke to him in 1991 of killing 180,000 Kurds he bridled at the allegation and said the real figure was closer to 100,000.

His defense, and that of his co-defendants, was that Anfal started during the Iran-Iraq war and the Kurdish resistance was allied to Iran. Along with Majid the former defence minister General Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Tai was also sentenced to death for using of chemical weapons against civilians. The deputy director of operations for the Iraqi army, Hussein Rashid Mohammed, was also sentenced to be hanged. "God bless our martyrs," he said. Long live the brave Iraqi army. Long live Iraq. Long live the Baath party and long live Arab nations."

Majid was always the ever-loyal and obsequious lieutenant of the Iraqi leader whose paternal cousin he was. Born in Tikrit in 1941, he was a member, like Saddam, of the Bejat clan of the Albu Nasir tribe whose members filled the crucial security posts of the Baath regime. He was wholly dependant on the leader and his evident viciousness made him useful in jobs in which unrelenting and merciless cruelty were considered an asset.
Having been a motorcycle messenger, Majid started his political career as head of the Security Office in the mid-1970s. When Saddam presided over a famous meeting of the Baath party in 1979 during which he had senior party members dragged off to their deaths Majid is seen on a video film standing behind him. "What you have done in the past was good," he says unctuously. "What you will do in the future is good. But there's this one small point. You have been too gentle, too merciful."

Majid was effectively the family enforcer for Saddam's inner circle though there were other well-qualified contenders for this position. A diabetic with a menacing-rodent like face and a straggly moustache, he suffered from hypertension and spinal infections. He was reliant on Saddam but was never a rival for the leadership himself.

Though a cousin of Saddam, he was out-ranked in the family hierarchy by the half-brothers of the leader up to their fall from grace in 1986. In the 1990s, it was Saddam's sons Uday and Qusay who were next in line to Saddam.

After giving up the leadership of the Northern Bureau of the Baath in 1988, Majid was made governor of Kuwait after its conquest by Iraq in August 1990. Though Iraq claimed Kuwait was its long-lost 19th province, the Iraqi forces under Majid behaved as if they were on a Bedouin raid, sending hundreds of millions of dollars worth of loot to Baghdad.

After Saddam Hussein's catastrophic defeat in Kuwait in 1991 Majid showed his real talents again. As rebellions exploded in Kurdistan and Shia southern Iraq, Saddam turned to him and his nephew Hussein Kamel who was also Saddam's son-in-law. On 5 March he made the 50-year-old Majid his interior minister.

A captured video film shows Majid in action against Shia rebels. It appears to have been made to intimidate anybody contemplating resistance to the regime by showing the fate of those who did. Majid is seen upbraiding a helicopter pilot going to attack a bridge saying: "Don't come back until you are able to tell me that you have burnt them; and if you haven't burnt them, don't come back."

Joined by a Baathist leader called Mohammed Hamza al-Zubeidi, later prime minister of Iraq, who also had an unsavoury reputation for brutality, they kick and slap prisoners lying on the ground. Majid smokes as he interrogates the prisoners saying of one man: "Don't execute this one. He will be useful to us." Beside him soldiers, from an elite unit, shouted "pimp" and "son of a whore" at another prisoner.

Not even members of Majid's family were safe from him. In 1995, his nephews Hussein and Saddam Kamel fled to Jordan. King Hussein granted them political asylum. Suddenly Uday and Ali Hassan al-Majid arrived in Amman to see King Hussein who felt he had no choice but to meet them. Hussein Kamel warned the Jordanians of the murderous proclivities of his relatives, particularly his uncle Ali. He said: "Don't let his majesty shake hands with this man. He might have something in his hand that might kill him."

After failing to get King Hussein to agree to extradite the men, Uday and Majid demanded that their wives, both daughters of Saddam, be allowed to return to Baghdad with them. Again they were turned down.

When the two exiles unwisely returned to Baghdad the following year, Ali Hassan al-Majid is said to have led the assault on their house and killed them. Hussein Kamel, who had been wounded, staggered out of the house, shouting: "Kill me but not them." He was promptly shot, then Majid stood over the body of his nephew and shot him once in the head, saying: "This is what happens to all who deal with the midget [a reference to the diminutive King Hussein].

In the last years of Saddam's regime, Majid was eclipsed by Qusay until before the US-led invasion of 2003. The British claimed to have killed him in an air strike in Basra but it turned out to be untrue. He was arrested on 21 August 2003.

Majid was silent as his sentence was read out, saying only: "Thanks be to God." In Kurdistan people rejoiced. "I would never miss this," said Peshtiwan Kamal. "I always heard from my family what these criminals did to my people so I just wanted to see how they would take the verdict and punishment."

Patrick Cockburn is the author of 'The Occupation: War, resistance and daily life in Iraq', a finalist for the National Book Critics' Circle Award for best non-fiction book of 2006.



 

 

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