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Recent
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April
1, 2003
William
S. Lind
The Pitfalls of War Planning
Jorge
Mariscal
Latinos on the Frontlines, Again
Paul
de Rooij
Arrogant Propaganda
Jo
Wilding
From Baghdad: "I Am His Mother"
Tarif
Abboushi
Operation Embedded Folly
Lee
Sustar
Labor's War at Home
Akiva Eldar
Israeli Dreams of Iraqi Oil
Bernard
Weiner
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Robert
Fisk
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Gate
Steve
Perry
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March
31, 2003
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Lindorff
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Neve Gordon
A Different Kind of Despair
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Chuckman
Absurdities and Contradictions
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Bernie Sanders Voting Maybe on
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Dead People: Don't Go There
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Dispatch from Baghdad: Nowhere
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We Never Spit on Any Baby Killers
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March 31,
2003
"Get Me
Rewrite"
Rumsfeld vs. the Generals
By JASON LEOPOLD
Last October, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld
ordered the military's regional commanders to rewrite all of
their war plans to capitalize on precision weapons, better intelligence
and speedier deployment in the event the United States decided
to invade Iraq. That plan, which Rumsfeld helped shape, has now
failed and has led to deep divisions between military commanders
and the defense, according to recent news reports.
Despite Rumsfeld's recent denials that
he did not override requests by military brass to deploy more
ground troops in Iraq last year, the cornerstone of his war plan
against Iraq was in fact designed to use fewer ground troops,
according to a copy of the plan; a move that angered some in
the military who said concern for the troops would require overwhelming
superiority on the ground to assure victory.
These officers said they view Rumsfeld's
approach as injecting too much risk into war planning and have
said it could result in U.S. casualties that might be prevented
by amassing larger forces.
But Rumsfeld refused to listen to his
military commanders, Pentagon officials told the Washington Post
Saturday.
Rumsfeld was quoted in news reports last
year as saying that his plan would allow "the military to
begin combat operations on less notice and with far fewer troops
than thought possible -- or thought wise -- before the Sept.
11, 2001, terrorist attacks."
"Looking at what was overwhelming
force a decade or two decades ago, today you can have overwhelming
force, conceivably, with lesser numbers because the lethality
is equal to or greater than before" Rumsfeld said.
The speedier use of smaller and more
agile forces also could provide the president with time to order
an offensive against Iraq that could be carried out this winter,
the optimal season for combat in the desert, which is exactly
what President Bush did.
The new approach for how the U.S. might
go to war, Rumsfeld said last year, reflects an assessment of
the need after Sept. 11 to refresh war plans continuously and
to respond faster to threats from terrorists and nations possessing
biological, chemical or nuclear weapons.
Rumsfeld first laid the groundwork for
a U.S. led invasion of Iraq shortly after the Sept. 11. Like
his well-known, "Rumsfeld's
rules,"--a collection of wisdom he has compiled over
three decades on how to succeed in Washington, Rumsfeld's checklist
used the same methodical approach to determining when U.S. military
force should be used in the event of war against Iraq.
Rumsfeld kept the checklist tucked away
in his desk drawer at the Pentagon. Since last March, when it
became clear that the Bush administration was leaning toward
using military force to overthrow Saddam Hussein's regime, Rumsfeld
added what he said were important elements to the checklist to
ensure the U.S. would be prepared for a full-scale war. But Rumsfeld
and the Bush administration never lived up to the promises laid
out in the checklist when the U.S. military bombed Baghdad. For
example:
Casualties. Rumsfeld says the public
"should not be allowed to believe an engagement could be
executed . . . with few casualties." Yet the president and
Rumsfeld didn't prepare Americans for major casualties. Bush
warned in an Oct. 7 speech in Cincinnati that "military
action could be difficult" and that there is no "easy
or risk-free course of action."
* Risks. Rumsfeld warns that the risks
of taking action "must be carefully considered" along
with the dangers of doing nothing. The administration has repeatedly
made the case against inaction -- the possibility that Saddam
will acquire nuclear weapons and strike the U.S. But it has not
been equally candid about the dangers of action.
* Honesty. Rumsfeld urges U.S. leadership
to be "brutally honest with itself, Congress, the public
and coalition partners." Yet the administration has not
produced compelling evidence to support its claims that Saddam
is linked to al-Qaeda terrorists, is on the verge of acquiring
nuclear weapons or intends to strike the U.S. To the contrary,
the CIA has played down Iraq's ties to al-Qaeda and a possible
first strike.
Rumsfeld said too many of the military
plans on the shelves of the regional war-fighting commanders
contained outdated assumptions and military requirements, which
have since changed with the advent of new weapons and doctrines.
It has been a mistake, he said, to measure
the quantity of forces required for a mission and "fail
to look at lethality, where you end up with precision-guided
munitions, which can give you 10 times the lethality that a dumb
weapon might, as an example," Rumsfeld said, according to
an Oct 14, 2002 report in the New York Times.
Through a combination of pre-deployments,
faster cargo ships and a larger fleet of transport aircraft,
the military would be able to deliver "fewer troops but
in a faster time that would allow you to have concentrated power
that would have the same effect as waiting longer with what a
bigger force might have" Rumsfeld said.
Critics in the military said last year
there were several reasons to deploy a force of overwhelming
numbers before starting any offensive with Iraq. Large numbers
illustrate U.S. resolve and can intimidate Iraqi forces into
laying down their arms or even turning against Hussein's government.
Large numbers in the region also would
be needed should the initial offensive go poorly.. Also, once
victory is near, it might require an even larger force to pacify
Iraq and search for weapons of mass destruction than it took
to topple Hussein.
According to Defense Department sources,
Rumsfeld at first insisted that vast air superiority and a degraded
Iraqi military would enable 75,000 U.S. troops to win the war.
Gen. Tommy Franks, the theater commander-in-chief, convinced
Rumsfeld to send 250,000 (augmented by 45,000 British). However,
the Army would have preferred a much deeper force, leading to
anxiety inside the Pentagon in the first week of war, conservative
columnist Bob Novak reported last week.
While Army officers would have preferred
a larger commitment, even what was finally approved for Operation
Iraqi Freedom was reduced when the 4th Infantry Division was
denied Turkey as a base to invade northern Iraq. The Defense
and State departments point fingers. Secretary of State Colin
Powell is criticized for not flying to Ankara to convince the
Turkish government. The Pentagon is criticized for not immediately
dispatching the division via the Red Sea, Novak reported.
To the critics who said last year that
Rumsfeld is accepting too much risk in U.S. war planning, Rumsfeld
said he had ordered rigorous reviews and was satisfied. "We
are prepared for the worst case," he told the Times.
Jason Leopold
can be reached at: jasonleopold@hotmail.com
Today's
Features
William
S. Lind
The Pitfalls of War Planning
Jorge
Mariscal
Latinos on the Frontlines, Again
Paul
de Rooij
Arrogant Propaganda
Jo
Wilding
From Baghdad: "I Am His Mother"
Tarif
Abboushi
Operation Embedded Folly
Lee
Sustar
Labor's War at Home
Akiva Eldar
Israeli Dreams of Iraqi Oil
Bernard
Weiner
The Vietnam Connection
Robert
Fisk
The Graveyard at Baghdad's North
Gate
Steve
Perry
War Web Log 04/01
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