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CounterPunch
February
22, 2003
Armageddon Anxiety
Evil on the
Way
by WILLIAM COOK
Bob Woodward's deferent, perhaps even obeisant
homage to "Dubya" in his recent book, Bush
at War, contains this troubling observation: "The
President was casting his mission and that of the country in
the grand vision of God's Master Plan." This frightening
perception followed the President's declamation, "We will
export death and violence to the four corners of the earth in
defense of this great country and rid the world of evil."
Considering how Bush Jr. grew up beneath
the Reagan/Bush baldacchino and then helped guide his father's
ascension to the throne, his connections with the Christian Right
has a long and deep history, including familiarity with the pseudo-prophet,
Hal Lindsey, a frequent visitor to the Reagan White House.
Lindsey, the New York Times "Best
Selling Author" of the past three decades, author of at
least 20 books like The
Late Great Planet Earth, and influential Father of Christian
Zionism, foresees the imminent and unavoidable great battle of
Armageddon, the fulfillment of John's prophecy in the Book
of Revelation, the cataclysmic conflict between the forces
of Good against the forces of Evil, climaxing in our lifetime.
Jesus Christ, King of the Jews, will return to rule the world
from the rebuilt temple in the reclaimed nation of Israel according
to the prophecies, and we will witness the inevitable suffering
and global holocaust. Lindsey proclaims deliverance from Armageddon
depends on understanding God's purposes for the Jews including
the restoration of Israel as a nation in the land of Judea and
Samaria.
Lindsey also proclaims that he purposefully
writes these books to shock people into believing in Jesus Christ
as their Lord and Savior. And like any good insurance salesman,
he instills fear as he threatens his customers with the plagues
revealed in the Acts of the Apostles and the Book of Revelation:
"... The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon
into blood....With Justice he judges and makes war ... He is
dressed in a robe dipped in blood and his name is the word of
God ... Out of his mouth comes a sharp sword with which to strike
down nations. .so you may eat the flesh of kings, generals, and
mighty men, of horses and their riders, and the flesh of all
people, free and slave, small and great" The Messiah slays
the Antichrist and "creates a new heaven and a new earth"
and He judges the dead, saves the Christians, and casts the rest
into eternal perdition.
Lindsey accepts as reality that his interpretations
of the prophecies come directly to him from God, "I believe
that the Spirit of God gave me a special insight, not only into
how John described what he actually experienced, but also into
how this whole phenomenon encoded the prophecies so that they
could be fully understood only when their fulfillment drew near
... I prayerfully sought for a confirmation for my apocalypse
code theory..." This self-proclaimed, God inspired interpreter
of the Bible has had a profound influence on American and British
Christians and Jews. Since Ronald Reagan's Christian based regime
of the '80s which included access to the President by not only
Lindsey, but Jerry Falwell and the Christian Zionist televangelist
Mike Evans, the interests of Zionism as an integral component
of prophetic lure have been central in policy formation toward
Israel in particular and the mid-east generally in both America
and the United Kingdom. The current administration, even more
so than Reagan's, is rife with right-wing reliance on the coming
revival predicted in the Book of Revelation.
Consider observations made by Paul Krugman of the New York
Times December 18, 2002: "Tom DeLay soon to be House
majority leader, told a church group that: 'Only Christianity
offers a way to live in response to the realities that we find
in this world only Christianity.' He also said he was on
a mission from God to promote a 'biblical worldview' in American
politics." This from the most powerful man in the Congress!
And he is not alone. According to Krugman, many leading Congressional
Republicans belong to the "secretive" Council for National
Policy, an organization founded by Tim LaHaye, co-author of the
apocalyptic "Left Behind" novels. Members include Pat
Robertson, Ralph Reed, Sen. Jesse Helms, Congressman Dick Armey
and Tom DeLay of Texas, Howard Phillips, and many, many others.
This fundamentalist group listens, in private, to none other
than the self-proclaimed "Born Again" Christian, George
W. Bush. Consider also the appointment of John Ashcroft to the
position of Attorney General, a vocal Christian fundamentalist
who "gives every appearance of placing his biblical worldview
above secular concerns..." Add to this the neo-cons in the
administration like Rumsfeld, Cheney, Wolfowitz, Pearle, Feith,
and many others, and one understands that the ties that bind
the neocon Christian right, read Christian Zionists, to the Zionist
orthodox Jew cement mentalities that embrace myths as truth and
behavior directed by superstitious beliefs, regardless of those
who do not share their zeal.
I believe that the views expressed by
Hal Lindsey as they are reflective of beliefs held by "Dominionists,"
including Dr. Tony Evans, founder of Promise Keepers, Dr. Martin
Hawkins, Assistant to Evans, James Ryle of the Vineyard Movement
among others, permeate the Bush administration's major figures,
most especially the President, guide their approach to foreign
policy, and transform their perception of themselves as executers
of God's will. The potential destructive power inherent in this
mentality, that accepts as truth interpretations of mythological
stories or willingly uses those interpretations to exhort others
to action, can be understood and can be thwarted before such
devastation occurs. That conclusion we can draw from history
should we consider the destructive power of myth as it was wielded
by Urban II as he inaugurated the Crusades to liberate Jerusalem,
Innocent III when he exterminated the Cathar sect in the 12th
and 13th centuries, the Puritan divines when they slaughtered
the Pequot Indians in 1636-37, and the elimination of the beliefs
extant in northern Europe before the onslaught of Christianity
in the middle ages, to offer a few examples. When the elite few
who gain power in a country or over a group of people accept
myths as truth, or when they insidiously and ruthlessly use the
beliefs people hold to affect their ends, devastation follows.
An enlightened American public can thwart the myth driven elite.
Michael Ortiz Hill, author of Dreaming
the End of the World, characterizes Bush, in his
essay in CounterPunch January 4, 2003, as "...delusional and the shape of his delusion
is specifically apocalyptical in belief and intent."
By apocalyptical Hill means that "All systems are supposed
to go down so the Messiah can come and Bush, seemingly, has taken
on the role of the one who brings this to pass." "God
sovereignly controls all aspects of life" according to this
view, and that understanding is inherent in the teachings of
the Promise Keepers Movement and its founder, Dr. Tony Evans,
and the perspective of Billy Graham, two of the prominent right-wing
Christians who have influenced Bush. Graham is credited with
Bush's rebirth in Christ and Dr. Tony Evans is pastor of a large
Dallas church where Bush heard a great deal about "how the
world should be seen from a divine viewpoint" according
to Dr. Martin Hawkins, assistant to Evans. (Hill).
Both the Promise Keepers and the Vineyard Movements according
to Gary Gilley in "The Vineyard Movement" accept the
doctrine of "end time" or "dominionism" that
believes there will be a seizure of earthly power by God's people
(read Christians) to restore the earth to God's control. Dominion
theology teaches that Christ restored dominion over life to the
followers of Christ, but the church now has the obligation of
redeeming society in order to bring about the Second Coming.
They also contend that the kingdom of God is now and they have
the responsibility to manifest God's power before the entire
world. Taking control of the earth must happen before Christ
will return to usher in the physical kingdom on earth over which
He will reign.
But Christian Zionists also believe that,
before Christ can return, the Jews must return to Israel. Many
evangelical Christians cite Genesis 12 and 13 to demonstrate
that "the Jews have title deed to Israel and that the land
must not be given back to the Palestinians," according to
Thomas Williamson in his article "To Whom Does the Land
of Palestine Belong?" Christian Zionists, according to Williamson,
"regard God's covenant with Abraham, including the land
grant, as an unconditional covenant." More frighteningly,
"Every act taken by Israel is orchestrated by God, and should
be condoned, supported, and even praised by the rest of us,"
notes Grace Halsell in her article "Israeli Extremists and
Christian Fundamentalists: The Alliance." Not all Christians
accept this interpretation, but for those who do, the reestablishment
of Israel in 1948 ushered in the conditions necessary to bring
about the rapture: Jewish control of Jerusalem and rebuilding
the temple. Then and only then can the final, great battle called
Armageddon begin. Estimates vary, but Halsell claims "10
to 40 million Americans believe Palestine is God's chosen land
for the Jews"(1). Maintenance of Israel as a nation becomes
an obligation on the part of Christian Zionists if Biblical prophecy
is to be fulfilled.
That places George W. Bush in a unique
position as a leader of the world's mightiest military power:
to bring about the fulfillment of God's prophecy. Hill claims
that Bush has accepted this eschatology through which he sees
himself "as an agent of God who has been called by him to
'restore the earth to God's control'" (2). S.R. Shearer
of Antipas Ministries, notes Hill, calls this delusional. Hill
refers to Bob Woodward's new book, Bush at War, to give
substance to this Messianic view of the President. Woodward observes
"The president was casting his mission and that of the country
in the grand vision of God's Master Plan" (2). Add to these
comments the closing sentence of his 2003 State of the Union
Speech, "The liberty we prize is not America's gift to the
world, it is God's gift to humanity," and we can sense his
Messianic fervor as he leads the world against the "man-made"
forces of evil.
Unfortunately, the determination of that
evil resides in the beliefs of those interpreting the "prophecies"
and those who accept those interpretations as truth. For Lindsey
and the Vineyard ministers, God's covenant with the Jews is truth
and it translates, according to Stephen R. Sizer, into the need
for America to "continue military and economic funding of
Israel," for Israel to "resist negotiating land for
peace," "maintain their apartheid policies," and
incite fundamentalist groups to destroy the Dome of the Rock
so the new temple can be built. Lindsey accuses those who refuse
to accept this eschatology as anti-Semitic. This transition from
biblical prophecy to current events translates myth into international
policy emphasizing the potential destructive power of mythology.
Who are these self-appointed servants of the Almighty who give
direction to Israeli and US leaders regarding the establishment
of nation states, the conception and determination of evil, and
the righteousness of actions taken on behalf of their interpretation
of God's word?
Lindsey believes, as we have noted, that
the Spirit of God has given him special insight "into how
this whole phenomenon encoded the prophecies" Others like
James Ryle of Promise Keepers find God giving revelation through
dreams and visions; in Hippo in the Garden, he notes that
he was called to preach through a prophetic word situation (91).
In either case, their interpretations come from an indeterminable
source, yet a source of vast power and consequence. Lindsey writes
"Only now, as mankind approaches the third millennium, do
I feel like the Holy Spirit has provided me with the proper perspective
the Big Picture, so to speak on the mind blowing
experiences of the modern world" (Planet Earth 2000 A.D.).
And what are those "mind blowing experiences"? "I
am certain The Second Advent will occur in the next few years
probably in your lifetime." And, "the greatest
threat to freedom and world peace today is Islamic fundamentalism"
(The Final Battle). Acceptance of these modern day prophets
and their beliefs by the elite in power portends disaster for
American policy in the mid-east in particular and for American
interests generally. But, as we have seen, these ministers of
God have the ear of those in power in the current administration.
Two issues arise immediately: why should
America determine its future course based on interpretations
of God's word as contained in documents 2500 years old, designed
and written for civilizations long dead? And, second, what is
the evil that these modern day prophets determine as the threat
against God's predictions?
Plainly, the Books of Genesis, Daniel,
and Revelation, the primary sources for "end-time theology,"
for "Dominionism," for the Apocalyptic perspective,
and for Armageddon, while accepted by literalists as the word
of God, are in fact derivatives of stories and ideas from other
cultures that anti-date Moses by hundreds of years and John,
the purported author of Revelation, by more than 1700
years. How then can they be the word of God? How can Americans
take seriously the interpretations of Pseudo-prophets who claim
to know the meaning of prophecies when they are only the latest
in a series of such claimants that date back to Joachim of Fiore,
an Italian monk of the 12th century, Christopher Columbus in
the early 1500s, Martin Luther, Thomas Muentzer in the 16th century,
the Puritans in America, the interpretations arising out of Nazism
and Marxism, William Miller and John Darby to mention a few who
appeared before the most recent group headed by Lindsey (PBS).
There can be no doubt that the Book
of Revelation has had a searing impact on the American conscience
that dates back to the establishment of God's "city on a
hill" given to the Puritan's by God Himself. The absolute
acceptance of the forces of good and evil as extant and operative
in the world, concepts that date back to influences from ancient
Greece and Persia in the 5th to 3rd centuries before Christ,
existed without question in the Puritan mind. Hope in the eventual
victory of the forces of good over evil, however, existed long
before the 5th century BCE in the "Enuma and Elish"
stories of the struggles between chaos and order that date to
1780 BCE in Mesopotamia. These myths tell of Marduk, the God
of light, struggling against Tiamat, the force of evil, to bring
order out of chaos and peace to the world (www.gatewaystobabylon.com).
The influence of these myths on the Book of Genesis, purportedly
written by Moses who was born in 1571, is unmistakable and conveyed
directly in Psalm 74:14,15,16. But Marduk is not Yahweh, yet
current pseudo-prophets will declare the accuracy of their visions
as direct from God who speaks to humankind from the pages of
the Old and New Testaments. They fail to account for the origins
of God's word that comes from non-Jewish sources. Many ancient
myths influenced the Bible: the burning of the world by the Hindu
God, Shiva; the Akkadian prophecies from Mesopotamia; the messiah-like
king that takes over the world, rewards the just, and rules forever
from the Uruk Prophecy; and the judgment of the dead by the Egyptian
god Maat for the good and evil they performed in their lifetime.
(Patricia Eddy, "The Persian Connection: the End of the
World Begins")
Judaism also borrowed "angels, the
holy spirit, paradise in heaven, eternal life, Judgment Day,
the resurrection of the dead, a fiery hell, a messianic savior,
and man's personal responsibility to do God's will" from
Persia (www.alsopreview.com).
These same concepts exist in Zoroaster's faith that prevailed
in the 6th century BCE. He designed a monotheistic God, Ahura
Mazda, considered by some as a precursor of the God of the Judaic
Bible. Zoroaster's last battle between the forces of good and
evil, the biblical Armageddon, is headed by a messiah known as
Saoshyant; upon victory, he would herald in a millennium of peace
and plenty. An apocalypse preceded that last battle to gain the
attention of the people. Indeed, the Book of Revelation
enlarges upon Zoroaster's end of the world concepts as do sections
in the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1947 at Nag Hammadi and
date to the 1st and 2nd centuries CE.
Unfortunately, Christians reading this
literature have focused on the necessary and inevitable return
of the Jews to Judea-Samaria as conveyed in one source written
by a monk in 950 CE, Adso of Montier-En-Der at the request of
Queen Gerbera of France as he interpreted biblical passages.
He also noted that there would arise "the Last World Emperor"
who would unite Christianity and defeat Muslims before the Antichrist
arises (PBS). This Christian Zionist focus that requires the
fulfillment of the covenant between God and His chosen people
arises from two broad predictions in the Old Testament: predictions
of a return to Palestine from the Babylonian exile and promises
of Palestine as the land given by God to the Jews.
Scholars argue about these predictions, some claiming that God
fulfilled His promises when the Jews returned to Palestine, rebuilt
the Temple and the Walls of Jerusalem, and restored the religious
life of the community under the Maccabees; others disagree (www.users.cloud9.net).
Citations of God's promises to "the descendants of Abraham"
for land appear in Genesis 12:7, 13:15, 15:18, 28:13-14 among
others. The dispute caused by these passages has to do with the
"seed" to which God promised the land. Zionists argue
that God's promise was to Jews only; others argue that the seed
of Abraham includes Arabs (www.mideastfacts.com). Regardless
of these indeterminable disputes, "prominent evangelists
preach to their followers that God never fulfilled "His
promise of giving all the land of Palestine to the Jews"
(www.mideastfacts.com)
and, consequently, support "whatever action necessary,
even nuclear war, to obtain Arab lands in the Middle East and
give them to Jews." [emphasis mine] (mideastfacts)
Obviously, such interpretations bring the world to the brink
of nuclear holocaust and represent to many in the Christian community
a backward step in theology.
Is it possible to believe in the 21st
century that a God, designed by a small tribe of nomadic Semites
3500 years ago from stories and myths that existed centuries
before in the literatures of Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Canaan,
and elsewhere, could dictate to Americans how they should conduct
foreign policy? Myths after all are stories that explain for
a people how they perceive their existence in a world filled
with mystery and awe. They create reference points for the people
to see connections between their condition and forces greater
than themselves or to understand how they must relate to the
society that surrounds them or to grapple with the internal energies
that reside within themselves. Yet we have in the union of Christian
Zionists and Jewish Zionists mentalities that find absolute truth
in these myths and willingly inflict them on the American populace.
These beliefs bring ancient prophecies from myths into today's
political arena as this comment from Lindsey's Planet makes
all too clear: "The dispute to trigger the war of Armageddon
will arise between the Arabs and Israelis over the Temple Mount
and Old Jerusalem (Zachariah 12:2-3), the most contested and
strategic piece of real estate in the world Two religions, Judaism
and Islam, thus are on a collision course with global and heavenly
repercussions. Islam will never accept Jerusalem as the undivided
capital of the Jewish state, and Israel will never agree to give
it up"(155).
Consider the comments of Margot Patterson
in the National Catholic Reporter last October 11, 2002:
"Thousands of Christian Zionists met in Jerusalem for the
Jewish holiday of Sukkot to cheer Sharon and to declare their
unconditional support for the state of Israel." These people
embrace "end-time" theology and are supported in turn
by right-wing Israelis who like the economic and political support
they bring to the Israeli cause. Christian fundamentalists and
Jewish Messianic settlers, according to Patterson, promise formation
of a "Greater Israel" that will usher in Armageddon.
They, too, see war between Muslims and Jews as bringing about
the Second Coming.
Patterson quotes a variety of sources
to enforce her perception of the political impact these interpreters
of God's word have on America's policies toward Israel and Palestine.
James Zogby, President of the Arab American Institute, argues
"despite disclaimers to the contrary the US is waging a
war on Islam at home and abroad even as it tacitly supports extremist
settlers in the occupied territories Israel controls." Lewis
Roth, President of Americans for Peace Now, says "You have
a number of very conservative Christian groups that support settlements
because they see this as a way of strengthening Jewish hold on
the land of Israel because in their mind this is important for
end-of-time theology and part of hastening the Second Coming
and the conversion of the Jews" Since Jews have their own
Messianic reading of the biblical sources, different from the
Christian Zionists except in the necessity of fulfilling God's
covenant to return the Jews to Judea-Samaria, they find support
of the Christian Zionists helpful in bringing about the creation
of Greater Israel that would include not only the borders of
the present state but the entire land of Israel described in
the Hebrew Scriptures.
Consider as well Robert Kaiser's February
9, 2003 article "Bush and Sharon Nearly Identical on Mideast
Policy" in the Washington Post. Kaiser quotes Richard
Pearle, chairman of the Pentagon's Defense Policy Board, "Israel
should insist on Arab recognition of its claim to the biblical
land of Israel and should focus on removing Saddam Hussein from
power in Iraq;" this despite multiple UNSC resolutions that
declare Israel in defiance of international law by holding on
to these lands. But there's more! Douglas Feith, undersecretary
of defense for policy, has written extensively on Israeli-Arab
issues, and argues, according to Kaiser, "that Israel has
as legitimate a claim to the West Bank territories seized after
the Six-Day War as it has to the land that was part of the U.N.
mandated Israel created in 1948." Indeed, Donald Rumsfeld
has made the same claim even as he demands that the UN force
nations that defy UN resolutions to comply: "There was a
war and they (neighboring countries) lost a lot of real estate
to Israel because Israel prevailed in that conflict." Here
are America's Defense Department spokesmen directly contradicting
the UN resolutions demanding that Israel comply with international
law and the Geneva Conventions.
Why do these individuals speak for America
in this manner? Kaiser quotes a senior official of the first
Bush administration as saying "Sharon played the president
like a violin: 'I'm fighting your war, terrorism is terrorism,'
and so on, Sharon did a masterful job." Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein,
also quoted by Kaiser, claims "President Bush's policy stems
from his core as a Christian, his perceptions of right and wrong,
good and evil, and of the need to stand up and fight against
evilI personally believe it is very personal, not a political
maneuver on his part." Rev. Richard Land of the Southern
Baptist Convention echoed those sentiments when he noted how
important evangelical support for the president is and claimed,
"We need to bless Israel more than America needs Israel's
blessing because Israel has a far greater ally than the United
States of America, God Almighty." That observation, you
will recall, ended the President's State of the Union address
as quoted above. In short, America has at its helm a man who
understands his role in God's plan and is determined to carry
forward regardless of the views of world leaders or the American
people. As Dr. Lower points out in Counterpunch, "Bush's
war version of God 'has two dangerous implications' One is that
those who have lost their lives in service to God and country
(Astronauts) 'weren't actually taking risks or showing bravery
because their fate was in God's hands. The other implication
is that tragedies are God's will.' This is in the tradition of
Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell who suggested that the September
11th tragedy happened because God had removed his active protection
from an immoral United States."
Bush is furthered in his drive to Armageddon
by those who surround him, both secular zealots intent on ensuring
Israel's expansion to the biblical lands given it by the covenant
or by the religious right that supports Sharon and controls great
Jewish influence in America. Perhaps the most recent evidence
of this control on America's mid-east policy comes in the person
of Elliott Abrams, the recently appointed director of Mideast
Affairs for the National Security Council. Abrams has stated
categorically: "The Palestinian leadership does not want
peace with Israel, and there will be no peace." Given his
current position, we know the future of American policy in Palestine.
Abrams' prophecy of no peace allows the Christian Zionists and
the Jewish Zionists to usher in the forces of their perceived
good against the forces of their perceived evil, the Muslims.
All of which makes possible the scenario prophesied by Hal Lindsey
in The Final Battle, making fiction truth and truth fiction.
William Cook
is a professor of English at the University of La Verne in southern
California. His new book, Psalms for the 21st Century,
will be published by Mellen Press in January. He can be reached
at: cookb@ULV.EDU
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February 15
/ 16, 2003
Alexander
Cockburn
Colin
Powell and the Great "Intelligence Fraud"
Rep. Dennis
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The Whole World is Watching
Edward Said
A Monumental Hypocrisy
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Report from Amsterdam
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At Last! Proud to be British
Lawrence Ferlinghetti
Taking a Stand on Iraq
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Lessons from Israel
A War Without Legitimacy
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Cold Fronts:
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Stepping Back from the Brink of War
Norman Madarasz
French Kisses from the Citizens of France
Adam Lebowitz
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Bring Us the Head of Osama bin Laden
Forrest Hylton
The Revolt in Bolivia
Col. Dan Smith
Irrelevance and Credibility:
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Wayne Madsen
The Lies of Tom Lantos
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The Invisible Modernities of the Islamic World
Emily Zitter-Smith
Who's Safe Now?
An American in Cairo
Rich Procter
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Poets Basement:
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Website of the Weekend
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